Penicillin (counter-artillery system)

The Penicillin system is a passive radar system that detects artillery fire by analyzing electromagnetic emissions from the projectiles and the launch events. It was developed by the Russian state-owned company Ruselectronics, a subsidiary of Rostec, and was first publicly displayed at the Army-2019 international military forum near Moscow. The system is designed to provide real-time targeting data to counter-battery units, enabling rapid response to enemy artillery.

Penicillin operates in a passive mode, meaning it does not emit radio waves, making it difficult for enemy electronic warfare systems to detect. It uses a network of sensors to triangulate the source of artillery fire, achieving a detection range of up to 20 kilometers for artillery and mortars, and up to 40 kilometers for rocket launchers. The system can determine the firing position within five seconds of a shot, and it can simultaneously track multiple targets.

Penicillin systems have been deployed by the Russian military, particularly in the conflict in Ukraine, where they have been used to locate Ukrainian artillery positions. Reports indicate that the system has been effective in counter-battery operations, though its exact performance remains classified. The system is typically mounted on a chassis, such as a Kamaz truck, and can be integrated into broader artillery reconnaissance networks.

One lesser-known aspect is that Penicillin is part of a broader trend in Russian military technology towards passive and electronic warfare systems. Unlike traditional counter-battery radars, which emit radar waves and are vulnerable to anti-radiation missiles, Penicillin's passive nature makes it more survivable on the battlefield. Additionally, the system is designed to be highly mobile, with a setup time of less than 20 minutes, allowing for rapid repositioning to avoid counter-battery fire.

Counter-battery radar

A radar system used to detect incoming artillery fire and calculate the location of the enemy guns.

Passive radar

A radar system that does not emit its own signals but instead detects and analyzes ambient electromagnetic emissions.

Ruselectronics

A Russian state-owned holding company that produces electronic components and systems, including military equipment.